J Brady, Oliver and C Slater, Hannah and Pemberton-Ross, Peter and Wenger, Edward and J Maude, Richard and C Ghani, Azra and A Penny, Melissa and Gerardin, Jaline and J White, Lisa and Chitnis, Nakul and Aguas, Ricardo and I Hay, Simon and L Smith, David and M Stuckey, Erin and A Okiro, Emelda and A Smith, Thomas and C Okell, Lucy (2017) Role of mass drug administration in elimination of Plasmodium falciparum malaria: a consensus modelling study. The Lancet Global Health, 5 (7). e680-e687. ISSN 0140-6736
|
Text
PIIS2214109X17302206.pdf Download (1MB) | Preview |
Abstract
Background Mass drug administration for elimination of Plasmodium falciparum malaria is recommended by WHO in some settings. We used consensus modelling to understand how to optimise the effects of mass drug administration in areas with low malaria transmission. Methods We collaborated with researchers doing field trials to establish a standard intervention scenario and standard transmission setting, and we input these parameters into four previously published models. We then varied the number of rounds of mass drug administration, coverage, duration, timing, importation of infection, and pre-administration transmission levels. The outcome of interest was the percentage reduction in annual mean prevalence of P falciparum parasite rate as measured by PCR in the third year after the final round of mass drug administration. Findings The models predicted differing magnitude of the effects of mass drug administration, but consensus answers were reached for several factors. Mass drug administration was predicted to reduce transmission over a longer timescale than accounted for by the prophylactic effect alone. Percentage reduction in transmission was predicted to be higher and last longer at lower baseline transmission levels. Reduction in transmission resulting from mass drug administration was predicted to be temporary, and in the absence of scale-up of other interventions, such as vector control, transmission would return to pre-administration levels. The proportion of the population treated in a year was a key determinant of simulated effectiveness, irrespective of whether people are treated through high coverage in a single round or new individuals are reached by implementation of several rounds. Mass drug administration was predicted to be more effective if continued over 2 years rather than 1 year, and if done at the time of year when transmission is lowest. Interpretation Mass drug administration has the potential to reduce transmission for a limited time, but is not an effective replacement for existing vector control. Unless elimination is achieved, mass drug administration has to be repeated regularly for sustained effect.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | WA Public Health |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Medicin |
| Depositing User: | Touba Derakhshande |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Sep 2017 04:51 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Sep 2017 04:51 |
| URI: | http://eprints.bpums.ac.ir/id/eprint/5787 |
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |
