Dobaradaran, Sina and Nabipour, Iraj and Saeedi, Reza and Ostovar, Afshin and Khorsand, Maryam and Khajeahmadi, Nahid and Hayati, Reza and Keshtkar, Mozhgan (2017) Association of metals (Cd, Fe, As, Ni, Cu, Zn and Mn) with cigarette butts in northern part of the Persian Gulf. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd under licence. pp. 1-3.
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Abstract
Cigarette butts are the most common form of litter in the marine environment and represent potential point sources for environmental contamination. The metals leached from cigarette butts have not been studied well in the marine environment. In this study, the levels of metals (Cd, Fe, As, Ni, Cu, Zn and Mn) in cigarette butts were monitored at nine stations along the northern part of the Persian Gulf in Bushehr coastal areas in summer 2015 with a sampling time interval of 10 days. The Cd, Fe, As, Ni, Cu, Zn and Mn contents of cigarette butts were found to vary widely between 0.16 and 0.67 μg/g, 79.01 and 244.97 μg/g, 0.12 and 0.48 μg/g, 1.13 and 3.27 μg/g, 4.29 and 12.29 μg/g, 6.39 and 21.17 μg/g, and 38.29 and 123.1 μg/g, respectively. A Wilcoxon signed rank test showed that there were no significant differences between the Cd, Fe, As, Ni, Cu, Zn and Mn contents of cigarette butts at different sampling times. Considering the estimated number of cigarette butts littered annually, the results of this study indicated that considerable metals including Cd, Fe, As, Ni, Cu, Zn and Mn may enter the marine environment each year from cigarette litter alone. INTRODUCTION Cigarette butts have been found to be a major source of shoreline accumulation of macroplastic debris.1 There are many reports in the field of plastic and microplastic debris, especially from the USA, Western Europe, Oceania and East Asia, but there is no report in the region of the Persian Gulf.2 To the best of our knowledge, there is no published literature on the extent of cigarette butts with metals in marine environments. Heavy metals with high bioaccumulation capability are persistent and abundant contaminants, and most likely exist at high content levels in the marine environment and biota samples. Since it is most likely that cigarette butts serve as a means of transporting metals in the marine environment, in the present study we aimed to determine the levels of Cd, Fe, As, Ni, Cu, Zn and Mn in cigarette butts along the northern part of the Persian Gulf in the Bushehr seaport coastal areas. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study area and sampling To investigate the levels of Cd, Fe, As, Ni, Cu, Zn and Mn in cigarette butts, field surveys were conducted at nine stations (S1–S9) along the northern part of the Persian Gulf in Bushehr coastal areas (online supplementary appendix 1) in summer 2015. All stations are close to urban areas. At each beach studied (S1–S9), sediment samples from the top 10 cm were collected at the tidal mark on the beach from a 1 m2 area; the collected sediment was transferred to the laboratory. Sampling at each beach studied was performed two times with a time interval of 10 days to evaluate the marine current effects on metal concentration in cigarette butts. Reagent The employed reagents were of analytical grade. HNO3 and HCl used for the extraction procedure were of supra pure quality (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). All plastic and glassware were cleaned by soaking overnight in a 10% (w/v) HNO3 solution and then rinsed with deionised water before use. Solutions were prepared by using ultrapure water (18.2 mΩ cm).
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | WA Public Health |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Public Health |
| Depositing User: | سپیده مقدسی |
| Date Deposited: | 03 Jul 2018 08:15 |
| Last Modified: | 03 Jul 2018 08:15 |
| URI: | http://eprints.bpums.ac.ir/id/eprint/6175 |
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